CLAUSES VIDEO

Adjective, Adverb, and Noun Clauses. 

Independent: Can stand by itself.

Dependent: Cannot stand by itself.

Adjective Clause: Subordinate clause that describes a noun or pronoun.

Examples: 

Summer, which is my favorite season, is fun and enjoyable.
The people who bought it are wealthy.
The city where the film was shot is very heavenly.

Adverb Clause: Subordinate clause that modifies a verb, adjective, or adverb.

Example:

The lake is very enjoyable, as long as the water isn't freezing cold. 

We went out to exercise before it rained.

He left because she hadn't arrived yet.

Noun Clause: Subordinate clause used as a noun. 

Examples: 

I believe that everything happens for a reason.

Please listen to what the doctor says.

Jason said that he is watching television.

Independent and Dependent Clause

A clause is a group of related words that contains a subject and a verb.

Clause = Subject + Verb

 

Clauses are the basic building blocks of sentences in the English language.

·         A subject is a person or thing that is doing something or being something.

·         The subject performs the verb.

·         A verb is the action word in a sentence.

 

Independent clauses

An independent clause is a group of related words that contain a subject and a verb and expresses a complete thought.

Independent Clause =
Complete Thought

Independent clauses are complete sentences. They begin with a capital letter and end with punctuation, such as a period.

Examples:

·        I picked a flower for you.

·        My mom is nice.

·        The teacher taught me how to read.

·        The woman sang.

 

Dependent clauses

Dependent clauses contain a subject and a verb, but do not express a complete thought.

Dependent Clause =
Incomplete Thought

A dependent clause is not a complete sentence.
The words in purple below are called dependent marker words and will be explained in the next section.

Examples:

• When I picked a flower for you
  
  What happened when I picked the flower?
  This is not a complete thought or sentence.
• If my mom is nice
  
  What happens if my mom is nice? This is not a complete thought or sentence.
• While my teacher taught me to read
  
  What happened while my teacher taught me to read?
  This is not a complete thought or sentence.
• Because the woman sang
  
  What happened because the woman sang?
  This is not a complete thought or sentence.

STRUCTURE WORDS

 

1. Cause and effect structure words are transition signals which show the cause and effect relationships.

1. It is important to be clear which is the cause (or reason) and which is the effect (or result), and to use the correct transition word or phrase. 

1. Remember that a cause happens first, and the effect happens later.

Choose 5 structure words and write one sentence with each word describing a cause and/or effect. Also, use one of the following words in each sentence:

facial mask/  pandemic /   social distancing   /  

become infected   /   high-risk population group

CAUSE:

The saturation of hospitals is the effect of the pandemic situation.

Student stress will be the result of social distancing.

You are in the high-risk population group because you are hypertensive.

EFFECT:

As a result of the use of the face mask, infections could be reduced.

Being at the party causes become infected with the disease.

He is hypertensive, therefore, he is in the high-risk population group.

Practice Timed Essays

TRANSITIONS

During the pressure of a timed essay, it is easy to forget to use transition words and expressions. However, these words are important because they tie ideas together and connect one sentence to the next, or one paragraph to the next. Transitions guide your reader logically through your essay. These words are often quite easy to add to an essay and can greatly improve their quality.

Add FANBOYS: for, and, not, but, or, yet, so

Add other transitions: because, for example, for instance, however, therefore.

Practice 13. Connect ideas in the sentences below by adding transitions. Neatly make any necessary changes to the sentences and show where to add the transitions. The first one is done for you.

 And- Because- For example- However- Or- So

1. Usually volcano eruptions follow several earthquakes. However, last month, one eruption occurred after a period with minimal earthquake activity.

2. Usually volcano eruptions follow several earthquakes. For example, in the 24-hour period before the eruption in May, nine earthquakes were recorded.

3. At many U.S. universities, female students dramatically outnumber males. So, college administrations are considering how to attract more male students.

4. Many students have to decide whether to go to college full-time and take out a student loan, or they could go to college part-time and get a job.

5. Dancers develop a sense of balance and they develop a sense of grace.

6. Two of the boys speak Finnish, because they study at a Finnish school on the weekends.

Practice Timed Essays

 FIXING RUN-ONS

Check for run-on sentences:  When you write a timed essay, it is not uncommon to write run-on sentences. These sentences consist of two or more independent clauses that are not joined correctly. That is, they may be missing punctuation or transition words.

There are several ways to correct a run-on sentence.

•       Add punctuation

Run-on: Since there is a fee for each college application only apply to colleges that truly interest you.

Revision: Since there is a fee for each college application, only apply to colleges that truly interest you. 

 

•    Add transition words

Run-on: Most college applications are due in the fall some colleges have open admissions year-round.

Revision: Most college applications are due in the fall. However, some colleges have open admissions year-round.

 Revision: Most college applications are due in the fall, but some colleges have open admissions year-round.

•        Divide the run-on sentence into two or shorter sentences

Run-on: Applying to college requires a great deal of planning and organization because you have to read about and choose colleges, then you have to ask teachers for recommendations and write your essay and get your transcripts sent from your school.

Revision: Applying to college requires a great deal of planning and organization. First, you have to read about and choose colleges. Then you have to ask teachers for recommendations, write your essay and get your transcripts sent from your school.

Practice 14. Read the run-on sentences. Fix them according to the suggestion in parentheses. The first one is done for you.

• Any the time I work on my computer for more than three hours, my eyes get tired, my neck hurts, and my shoulders get tight; Usually, my mother has to remind me to take a break. (Divide into two sentences)

• Since we live in a large apartment building, I know a lot of other kids who are my age, and we can always find something to do. (Add punctuation)

• Sometimes I can’t answer the teacher’s question, although I know the answer. (Add transition).

• Members of varsity sports teams aren’t supposed to hold part-time jobs, but it’s not legal for the school district to forbid them. (Add punctuation).

• It’s not legal for the school district to forbid them to have jobs, so it’s like an unspoken rule (Add transition).

• Most of the crossword puzzles in this book are so long; so, that I can't solve them all at once. Therefore, I have to go back one, two, or even three times, to get all the words. (Add transition and punctuation. Divide into two sentences)

Responding to a Reading